初始化
This commit is contained in:
672
utils/db.py
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672
utils/db.py
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#############################################################################
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# Author: Cerys
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# Update: 2026-03-06
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#############################################################################
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import sqlite3
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import pymysql
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import copy
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import functools
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import re
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from pymysql.constants import CLIENT
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from pymysql.cursors import DictCursor
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from typing import List, Dict, Any, Optional, Union
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from contextlib import contextmanager
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# ================= 统一执行装饰器 =================
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def db_execute_wrapper(func):
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"""
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统一执行装饰器：
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1. 负责自动获取/检查连接
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2. 自动处理非事务状态下的 commit 和 rollback
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3. 针对 MySQL 处理 Gone Away 断连重连重试机制
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"""
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@functools.wraps(func)
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def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
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self.__connect__()
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try:
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res = func(self, *args, **kwargs)
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return res
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except Exception as e:
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# 针对 MySQL 的长连接断开 (OperationalError) 尝试进行一次重试
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if getattr(self, '_is_mysql', False) and not self._in_transaction:
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if isinstance(e, pymysql.err.OperationalError):
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try:
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# 【修复】废弃 reconnect=True，直接销毁并重新初始化连接
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self.conn = None
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self.__connect__()
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res = func(self, *args, **kwargs)
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return res
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except Exception:
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if self.conn:
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self.conn.rollback()
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raise # 【修复】直接 raise，保留完整的错误堆栈 Traceback
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# 常规错误回滚
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if getattr(self, 'conn', None) and not getattr(self, '_in_transaction', False):
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self.conn.rollback()
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raise # 【修复】直接 raise，保留完整的错误堆栈 Traceback
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return wrapper
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# =================================================
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class BaseDriver:
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"""
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基类：负责定义接口类型，让 VS Code 能识别返回值
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"""
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def __init__(self):
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self.conn = None
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# 子类需设置这两个属性
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self.param_mark = '?'
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self._is_mysql = False
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self._transaction_depth = 0
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# -------------- 核心执行方法 (清晰直白) --------------
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@db_execute_wrapper
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def fetch_all(self, sql: str, params: tuple = ()) -> List[dict]:
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"""查询多条：返回字典列表"""
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cursor = self.conn.cursor()
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try:
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cursor.execute(sql, params)
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rows = cursor.fetchall()
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if not rows:
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return []
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# 兼容性处理：如果是对象(SQLite Row)则转dict，如果是dict(MySQL)则直接用
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return [dict(row) for row in rows] if rows else []
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finally:
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cursor.close()
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@db_execute_wrapper
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def fetch_one(self, sql: str, params: tuple = ()) -> Optional[dict]:
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"""查询单条：返回字典 或 None"""
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cursor = self.conn.cursor()
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try:
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cursor.execute(sql, params)
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row = cursor.fetchone()
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return dict(row) if row else None
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finally:
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cursor.close()
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@db_execute_wrapper
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def execute(self, sql: str, params: tuple = ()) -> int:
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"""增删改：返回影响行数"""
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cursor = self.conn.cursor()
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try:
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cursor.execute(sql, params)
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if not self._in_transaction:
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self.conn.commit()
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return cursor.rowcount
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finally:
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cursor.close()
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@db_execute_wrapper
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def execute_insert(self, sql: str, params: tuple = ()) -> int:
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"""插入：返回自增ID"""
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cursor = self.conn.cursor()
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try:
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cursor.execute(sql, params)
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if not self._in_transaction:
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self.conn.commit()
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return cursor.lastrowid
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finally:
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cursor.close()
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@db_execute_wrapper
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def execute_many(self, sql: str, params_list: List[tuple]) -> int:
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"""批量执行：返回影响行数"""
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cursor = self.conn.cursor()
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try:
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cursor.executemany(sql, params_list)
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if not self._in_transaction:
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self.conn.commit()
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return cursor.rowcount
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finally:
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cursor.close()
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@db_execute_wrapper
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def execute_raw(self, sql: str, params: tuple = ()) -> Union[List[dict], int]:
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"""混合执行：根据是否返回结果集自动判断"""
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cursor = self.conn.cursor()
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try:
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cursor.execute(sql, params)
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# 如果有 description 说明是 SELECT 类查询
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if cursor.description:
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rows = cursor.fetchall()
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return [dict(row) for row in rows] if rows else []
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else:
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if not self._in_transaction:
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self.conn.commit()
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return cursor.rowcount
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finally:
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cursor.close()
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@db_execute_wrapper
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def execute_script(self, sql_script: str) -> None:
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"""简单的脚本执行，不支持复杂的存储过程分隔符"""
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self.__connect__()
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cursor = self.conn.cursor()
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try:
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# 开启多语句支持通常需要在 connect 时指定 client_flag
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# 或者手动分割
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statements = [s.strip() for s in sql_script.split(';') if s.strip()]
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for sql in statements:
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cursor.execute(sql)
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if not self._in_transaction:
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self.conn.commit()
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finally:
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cursor.close()
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class MysqlDriver(BaseDriver):
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def __init__(self, host, port, user, password, database, charset='utf8mb4'):
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super().__init__()
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self.param_mark = '%s' # MySQL 占位符
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self.quote_mark = '`'
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self.config = {
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'host': host,
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'port': port,
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'user': user,
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'password': password,
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'database': database,
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'charset': charset,
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'autocommit': False,
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'cursorclass': DictCursor,
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'client_flag': CLIENT.MULTI_STATEMENTS
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}
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self._is_mysql = True
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self.__connect__()
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@property
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def _in_transaction(self) -> bool:
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"""判断当前是否处于事务中"""
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return self._transaction_depth > 0
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def __connect__(self) -> None:
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if self.conn is None:
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self.conn = pymysql.connect(**self.config)
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else:
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try:
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# 【修复】去除已在 PyMySQL 新版废弃的 reconnect=True 参数
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self.conn.ping(reconnect=False)
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except Exception:
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self.conn = pymysql.connect(**self.config)
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# =============== 事务控制方法 ===============
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def begin(self) -> None:
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self.__connect__()
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if self._transaction_depth == 0:
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self.conn.begin()
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self._transaction_depth += 1
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def commit(self) -> None:
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if self._transaction_depth > 0:
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self._transaction_depth -= 1
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if self._transaction_depth == 0 and self.conn:
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self.conn.commit()
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def rollback(self) -> None:
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# 安全清理嵌套层级，防止局部回滚后引发后续误提交
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if self._transaction_depth > 0:
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self._transaction_depth = 0
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if self.conn:
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self.conn.rollback()
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# ============================================
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def close(self) -> None:
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if self.conn:
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self.conn.close()
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self.conn = None
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class SqliteDriver(BaseDriver):
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def __init__(self, db_path: str):
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super().__init__()
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self.param_mark = '?' # SQLite 占位符
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self.quote_mark = '"'
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self.db_path = db_path
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self._is_mysql = False
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self.__connect__()
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@property
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def _in_transaction(self) -> bool:
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return self._transaction_depth > 0
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def __connect__(self) -> None:
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if not self.conn:
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self.conn = sqlite3.connect(self.db_path, check_same_thread=False, timeout=10.0)
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self.conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
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self.conn.execute('PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL;')
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self.conn.execute('PRAGMA synchronous=NORMAL;')
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@db_execute_wrapper
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def execute_script(self, sql_script: str) -> None:
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"""SQLite 原生支持脚本执行，更安全且无需手动分割"""
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# 注意：sqlite3.Cursor.executescript 不遵循 commit 逻辑，它会直接提交
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# 所以这里不需要 conn.commit()，但为了保持一致性逻辑，还是走装饰器
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cursor = self.conn.cursor()
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try:
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cursor.executescript(sql_script)
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# SQLite executescript 会自动 commit，不需要手动再 commit
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finally:
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cursor.close()
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# =============== 事务控制方法 ===============
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def begin(self) -> None:
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self.__connect__()
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self._transaction_depth += 1
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def commit(self) -> None:
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if self._transaction_depth > 0:
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self._transaction_depth -= 1
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if self._transaction_depth == 0 and self.conn:
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self.conn.commit()
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def rollback(self) -> None:
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if self._transaction_depth > 0:
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self._transaction_depth = 0
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if self.conn:
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self.conn.rollback()
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# ============================================
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def close(self) -> None:
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if self.conn:
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self.conn.close()
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self.conn = None
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class Query:
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"""查询构建器：负责拼装 SQL，且支持链式调用不可变对象"""
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def __init__(self, driver, table_name: str):
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self.driver = driver
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self.table_name = table_name
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self._wheres: List[tuple] = [] # 【修改】存为 tuple: (逻辑符, 语句) 支持 OR
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self._params: List[Any] = []
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self._orders: List[str] = []
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self._joins: List[str] = []
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self._limit: Optional[int] = None
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self._offset: Optional[int] = None
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self.mark = getattr(driver, 'param_mark', '?')
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self.quote = getattr(driver, 'quote_mark', '')
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def __copy_instance(self) -> 'Query':
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"""【核心】创建当前对象的深拷贝，用于链式调用不污染原对象"""
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new_query = copy.copy(self)
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new_query._wheres = self._wheres[:]
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new_query._params = self._params[:]
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new_query._orders = self._orders[:]
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new_query._joins = self._joins[:]
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return new_query
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def _q(self, field: str) -> str:
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field = field.strip()
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if field == '*' or '(' in field or ')' in field:
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return field
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# 简单的防止注入校验
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if re.search(r'[;\'"\s\-]', field):
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raise ValueError(f"非法字段名: {field}")
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# 支持 table.column 格式
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if '.' in field:
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table, col = field.split('.', 1)
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return f"{self.quote}{table}{self.quote}.{self.quote}{col}{self.quote}"
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return f"{self.quote}{field}{self.quote}"
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# ================= 链式构建方法 (返回新对象) =================
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def where(self, key: str, value: Any, operator: str = '=') -> 'Query':
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"""
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单条件判断
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:param key: 字段名
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:param value: 值
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:param operator: 运算符
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"""
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new_q = self.__copy_instance()
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condition = f"{self._q(key)} {operator} {self.mark}"
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new_q._wheres.append(("AND", condition))
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new_q._params.append(value)
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return new_q
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def or_where(self, key: str, value: Any, operator: str = '=') -> 'Query':
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"""
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OR 条件判断
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方法同where
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"""
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new_q = self.__copy_instance()
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condition = f"{self._q(key)} {operator} {self.mark}"
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new_q._wheres.append(("OR", condition))
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new_q._params.append(value)
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return new_q
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def where_all(self, condition: Dict[str, Any], operator: str = '=', logic: str = 'AND') -> 'Query':
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"""
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多条件判断
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:param condition:param condition: { 字段名: 值 }
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:param operator: 运算符 (传入字典建议保持默认 `=`)
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:param logic: 逻辑运算符内部连接(AND/OR)
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"""
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new_q = self.__copy_instance()
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clauses = []
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for key, value in condition.items():
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clauses.append(f"{self._q(key)} {operator} {self.mark}")
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new_q._params.append(value)
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if clauses:
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full_condition = f"({f' {logic.upper()} '.join(clauses)})"
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# 作为一个整体条件加入，默认外部通过 AND 连接
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new_q._wheres.append(("AND", full_condition))
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return new_q
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def where_in(self, key: str, values: List[Any]) -> 'Query':
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"""
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IN 语句支持
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:param key: 字段名
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:param values: 匹配值列表
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"""
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if not values:
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raise ValueError("whereIn 的 values 参数不能为空列表")
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new_q = self.__copy_instance()
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placeholders = ", ".join([self.mark] * len(values))
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condition = f"{self._q(key)} IN ({placeholders})"
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new_q._wheres.append(("AND", condition))
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new_q._params.extend(values)
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return new_q
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def where_raw(self, sql: str, params: tuple = ()) -> 'Query':
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"""
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原生条件语句 (支持复杂逻辑查询)
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注意：调用方需自行通过 params 传递参数以防注入
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:param sql: SQL 字符串，如 "age > ? AND (status = ? OR role = ?)"
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:param params: 对应占位符的参数元组
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"""
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new_q = self.__copy_instance()
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new_q._wheres.append(("AND", f"({sql})"))
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new_q._params.extend(params)
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return new_q
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def join(self, table: str, on: str, join_type: str = 'LEFT') -> 'Query':
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"""
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链表查询
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:param table: 要链接的表名
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:param on: 链接条件
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:param join_type: 链接类型(LEFT/INNER/RIGHT)
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"""
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new_q = self.__copy_instance()
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# 注意: join 的 on 条件由开发者自己写 raw sql，需自行注意安全
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new_q._joins.append(f"{join_type.upper()} JOIN {self._q(table)} ON {on}")
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return new_q
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def order(self, field: str, direction: str = 'ASC') -> 'Query':
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"""
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排序
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:param field: 排序字段
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:param direction: 排序方向(ASC/DESC)
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"""
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direction = direction.upper()
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if direction not in ('ASC', 'DESC'):
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raise ValueError("排序方向只能是 ASC 或 DESC")
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new_q = self.__copy_instance()
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# _q() 内部已经加上了正则校验，防止 order by 注入
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new_q._orders.append(f"{self._q(field)} {direction}")
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return new_q
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def limit(self, limit: int, offset: int = 0) -> 'Query':
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"""
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分页
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:param limit: 每页数量
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:param offset: 第几页 (从0开始)
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"""
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new_q = self.__copy_instance()
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new_q._limit = int(limit)
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new_q._offset = int(offset)
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return new_q
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# ================= 终结方法 (执行并返回结果) =================
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def select(self, fields: str = '*') -> List[dict]:
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"""
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执行查询返回列表
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||||
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:param fields: 查询字段
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"""
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sql = self._build_select_sql(fields)
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return self.driver.fetch_all(sql, tuple(self._params))
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def find(self, fields: str = '*') -> Optional[dict]:
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"""
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执行查询返回单条
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:param fields: 查询字段
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||||
"""
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temp_q = self.__copy_instance()
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temp_q._limit = 1
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temp_q._offset = 0
|
||||
|
||||
sql = temp_q._build_select_sql(fields)
|
||||
return self.driver.fetch_one(sql, tuple(temp_q._params))
|
||||
|
||||
def count(self) -> int:
|
||||
"""统计数量"""
|
||||
sql = self._build_select_sql("COUNT(*) AS cnt")
|
||||
res = self.driver.fetch_one(sql, tuple(self._params))
|
||||
return res.get('cnt', 0) if res else 0
|
||||
|
||||
def insert(self, data: Dict[str, Any], replace: bool = False) -> int:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
插入单条数据
|
||||
|
||||
:param data: { 字段名: 值 }
|
||||
:param replace: 是否使用 REPLACE INTO(存在则覆盖)
|
||||
:return: 影响行数/自增主键ID
|
||||
|
||||
"""
|
||||
keys = [self._q(k) for k in data.keys()]
|
||||
values = list(data.values())
|
||||
placeholders = ",".join([self.mark] * len(values))
|
||||
columns = ",".join(keys)
|
||||
|
||||
action = "REPLACE" if replace else "INSERT"
|
||||
sql = f"{action} INTO {self._q(self.table_name)} ({columns}) VALUES ({placeholders})"
|
||||
return self.driver.execute_insert(sql, tuple(values))
|
||||
|
||||
def insert_all(self, data: List[Dict[str, Any]], replace: bool = False) -> int:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
批量插入
|
||||
每条数据key结构必须相同
|
||||
|
||||
:param data: [{ 字段名: 值 }, ...]
|
||||
:param replace: 是否使用 REPLACE INTO(存在则覆盖)
|
||||
:return: 影响行数
|
||||
|
||||
"""
|
||||
if not data: return 0
|
||||
|
||||
raw_keys = list(data[0].keys())
|
||||
keys = [self._q(k) for k in raw_keys]
|
||||
columns = ",".join(keys)
|
||||
placeholders = ",".join([self.mark] * len(keys))
|
||||
|
||||
params_list = [tuple(d.get(k) for k in raw_keys) for d in data]
|
||||
|
||||
action = "REPLACE" if replace else "INSERT"
|
||||
sql = f"{action} INTO {self._q(self.table_name)} ({columns}) VALUES ({placeholders})"
|
||||
|
||||
return self.driver.execute_many(sql, params_list)
|
||||
|
||||
def update(self, data: Dict[str, Any]) -> int:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
更新符合条件的所有行数据
|
||||
|
||||
:param data: { 字段名: 值 }
|
||||
:return: 影响行数
|
||||
|
||||
"""
|
||||
if not data:
|
||||
return 0 # 避免生成无效 SQL
|
||||
|
||||
set_clauses = []
|
||||
set_params = []
|
||||
|
||||
for key, value in data.items():
|
||||
set_clauses.append(f"{self._q(key)} = {self.mark}")
|
||||
set_params.append(value)
|
||||
|
||||
set_sql = ", ".join(set_clauses)
|
||||
where_sql = self._build_where_sql()
|
||||
if not where_sql:
|
||||
raise ValueError("WHERE 条件不存在，为防止全表更新操作已被拦截!")
|
||||
|
||||
full_params = set_params + self._params
|
||||
sql = f"UPDATE {self._q(self.table_name)} SET {set_sql} {where_sql}"
|
||||
return self.driver.execute(sql, tuple(full_params))
|
||||
|
||||
def delete(self) -> int:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
删除符合条件的所有行数据
|
||||
:return: 影响行数
|
||||
|
||||
"""
|
||||
where_sql = self._build_where_sql()
|
||||
if not where_sql:
|
||||
raise ValueError("WHERE 条件不存在，为防止全表删除操作已被拦截!")
|
||||
sql = f"DELETE FROM {self._q(self.table_name)} {where_sql}"
|
||||
return self.driver.execute(sql, tuple(self._params))
|
||||
|
||||
# ================= 内部辅助方法 =================
|
||||
|
||||
def _build_where_sql(self) -> str:
|
||||
if not self._wheres:
|
||||
return ""
|
||||
|
||||
# 【修改】适配新的 Tuple(logic, condition) 结构以支持 OR
|
||||
where_parts = []
|
||||
for i, (logic, condition) in enumerate(self._wheres):
|
||||
if i == 0:
|
||||
where_parts.append(condition) # 首个条件不需要 AND/OR 前缀
|
||||
else:
|
||||
where_parts.append(f"{logic} {condition}")
|
||||
|
||||
return "WHERE " + " ".join(where_parts)
|
||||
|
||||
def _build_select_sql(self, fields: str) -> str:
|
||||
parts = [f"SELECT {fields} FROM {self._q(self.table_name)}"]
|
||||
|
||||
if self._joins:
|
||||
parts.extend(self._joins)
|
||||
|
||||
where_sql = self._build_where_sql()
|
||||
if where_sql:
|
||||
parts.append(where_sql)
|
||||
|
||||
if self._orders:
|
||||
parts.append("ORDER BY " + ", ".join(self._orders))
|
||||
|
||||
if self._limit is not None:
|
||||
parts.append(f"LIMIT {self._limit}")
|
||||
|
||||
if self._offset is not None:
|
||||
parts.append(f"OFFSET {self._offset}")
|
||||
|
||||
return " ".join(parts)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class Db:
|
||||
"""数据库入口"""
|
||||
def __init__(self, db_path: str, config: dict = None, db_type: str = None):
|
||||
config = config or {}
|
||||
|
||||
if db_type is None:
|
||||
if db_path.lower() == 'mysql' or 'host' in config:
|
||||
db_type = 'mysql'
|
||||
else:
|
||||
db_type = 'sqlite'
|
||||
|
||||
if db_type == 'mysql':
|
||||
self.driver = MysqlDriver(**config)
|
||||
elif db_type == 'sqlite':
|
||||
self.driver = SqliteDriver(db_path) # 【修复】采用正确的命名
|
||||
else:
|
||||
raise ValueError("db_type 参数错误: 应为 'mysql' 或 'sqlite'")
|
||||
|
||||
@contextmanager
|
||||
def transaction(self):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
事务上下文管理器
|
||||
with db.transaction():
|
||||
db.table('A').insert(...)
|
||||
db.table('B').update(...)
|
||||
"""
|
||||
self.driver.begin()
|
||||
try:
|
||||
yield self
|
||||
self.driver.commit()
|
||||
except Exception:
|
||||
self.driver.rollback()
|
||||
raise # 【修复】直接 raise 避免截断真实报错的 Traceback
|
||||
|
||||
def table(self, table_name: str) -> Query:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
获取表操作对象
|
||||
|
||||
:param table_name: 表名
|
||||
|
||||
"""
|
||||
return Query(self.driver, table_name)
|
||||
|
||||
def execute_raw(self, sql: str, params: tuple = ()) -> Union[List[dict], int]:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
执行原生 SQL
|
||||
|
||||
:param sql: SQL 语句
|
||||
:param params: 参数
|
||||
|
||||
"""
|
||||
return self.driver.execute_raw(sql, params)
|
||||
|
||||
def execute_many_raw(self, sql: str, params_list: List[tuple]) -> int:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
批量执行原生 SQL
|
||||
|
||||
:param sql: SQL 语句
|
||||
:param params_list: 参数列表
|
||||
|
||||
"""
|
||||
return self.driver.execute_many(sql, params_list)
|
||||
|
||||
def execute_script(self, sql_script: str) -> None:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
执行多条 SQL 语句（如建表）
|
||||
|
||||
:param sql_script: SQL 脚本
|
||||
|
||||
"""
|
||||
self.driver.execute_script(sql_script)
|
||||
|
||||
def close(self) -> None:
|
||||
self.driver.close()
|
||||
|
||||
# Context Manager 支持
|
||||
def __enter__(self):
|
||||
return self
|
||||
|
||||
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
|
||||
self.close()
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user